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Christopher William Bradshaw Isherwood (26 August 1904 – 4 January 1986) was an English novelist.〔Berg, James J. ed., ''Isherwood on Writing'' (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007), 19〕〔Obituary ''Variety'' (15 January 1986)〕 ==Early life and work== Isherwood was born in 1904 on his family's estate close to the Cheshire-Derbyshire border.〔Parker, Peter 'Isherwood' Picador: 2004 ISBN 0-330-32826-3 p.6〕 At Repton School in Derbyshire, Isherwood met his lifelong friend Edward Upward with whom he wrote the extravagant "Mortmere" stories, of which one was published during his lifetime, a few others appeared after his death, and others he summarised in ''Lions and Shadows''. He deliberately failed his tripos and left Corpus Christi College, Cambridge without a degree in 1925. For the next few years he lived with violinist André Mangeot, worked as secretary to Mangeot's string quartet and studied medicine. During this time he wrote a book of nonsense poems, ''People One Ought to Know'', with illustrations by Mangeot's eleven-year-old son, Sylvain. It was not published until 1982. In 1925 A.S.T. Fisher reintroduced him to W. H. Auden,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=W. H. Auden )〕 and Isherwood became Auden's literary mentor and partner in an intermittent, casual liaison. Auden sent his poems to Isherwood for comment and approval. Through Auden, Isherwood met Stephen Spender, with whom he later spent much time in Germany. His first novel, ''All the Conspirators'', appeared in 1928. It was an anti-heroic story, written in a pastiche of many modernist novelists, about a young man who is defeated by his mother. In 1928–29 Isherwood studied medicine at King's College London, but gave up his studies after six months to join Auden for a few weeks in Berlin. Rejecting his upper middle class background and embracing his attraction to men, he remained in Berlin, the capital of the young Weimar Republic, drawn by its reputation for sexual freedom. There, he "fully indulged his taste for pretty youths. He went to Berlin in search of boys and found one called Heinz, who became his first great love."〔"Hello to Berlin, boys and books", ''The Telegraph;'' Filed: 18 May 2004. ()〕 Commenting on John Henry Mackay's ''Der Puppenjunge'' (''The Pansy''), Isherwood wrote: "It gives a picture of the Berlin sexual underworld early in this century which I know, from my own experience, to be authentic."〔Hubert Kennedy, ''Mackay, John Henry'' in (glbtq.com ). Mackay's work was "a classic boy-love novel set in the contemporary milieu of boy prostitutes in Berlin."〕 In 1931 he met Jean Ross, the inspiration for his fictional character, Sally Bowles. He also met Gerald Hamilton, the inspiration for the fictional Mr Norris. In September 1931 the poet William Plomer introduced him to E. M. Forster. They became close and Forster served as his mentor. Isherwood's second novel, ''The Memorial'' (1932), was another story of conflict between mother and son, based closely on his own family history. During one of his return trips to London he worked with the director Berthold Viertel on the film ''Little Friend'', an experience that became the basis of his novel ''Prater Violet'' (1945). He worked as a private tutor in Berlin and elsewhere while writing the novel ''Mr Norris Changes Trains'' (1935) and a short novel called ''Goodbye to Berlin'' (1939), often published together in a collection called ''The Berlin Stories''. These works provided the inspiration for the play ''I Am a Camera'' (1951), the 1955 film ''I Am a Camera'' (both starring Julie Harris), Yes/Buggles' song Into The Lens/I Am A Camera (1980), the Broadway musical ''Cabaret'' (1966) and the film (1972) of the same name. In 1932 he met and fell in love with a young German man named Heinz Neddermeyer.〔Fryer, p. 128〕 After leaving Berlin in 1933, he and Heinz moved around Europe, and lived in Copenhagen, Sintra and elsewhere. Heinz was arrested as a draft-evader in 1937 following his brief return to Germany after he was ejected from Luxembourg as an "undesirable alien." Convicted of "reciprocal onanism,"〔''Christopher and His Kind'', p. 287〕 he was sentenced to six months in prison, a year of state labour and two years of compulsory military service.〔Fryer, p. 168〕 Isherwood collaborated on three plays with Auden: ''The Dog Beneath the Skin'' (1935), ''The Ascent of F6'' (1936), and ''On the Frontier'' (1939). Isherwood wrote a lightly fictionalized autobiographical account of his childhood and youth, ''Lions and Shadows'' (1938), using the title of an abandoned novel. Auden and Isherwood traveled to China in 1938 to gather material for their book on the Sino-Japanese War called ''Journey to a War'' (1939). In 1939, Auden and Isherwood set sail for the United States on temporary visas, a controversial move, later regarded by some as a flight from danger on the eve of war in Europe. Evelyn Waugh, in his novel Put Out More Flags (1942), included a caricature of Auden and Isherwood as "two despicable poets, Parsnip and Pimpernel", who flee to America to avoid World War Two.〔"Christopher Isherwood is Dead at 81", New York Times, 6 January 1986〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christopher Isherwood」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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